Symptoms And Symptoms Of The Depression - 970 Words

Major depression is occurring when you feel depressed most of the time for most of the days of the week. Some symptoms for this type of depression include weight loss or weight gain, suicidal thoughts, being tired, having no energy, feeling guilty, and feeling worthless. Talking to a therapist can help with this. The doctor will usually make you meet with a mental health specialist who will help with the depression you’re feeling. Doctors also recommend antidepressants. If those two things don’t work, the other two options the doctor might give you are electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). rTMS uses a magnet to raise certain parts of the brain activity and ECT uses electrical pulses. What this does is that it helps the parts of your brain that manage your mood work better. In other words, lighten up your mood. Persistent Depressive Disorder is basically if your depression lasts for 2 years or more. Before they would ref er to it as dysthymia. The symptoms for this depression include sleeping too much or too little, low self-esteem, changes in your appetite, also trouble concentrating and poor decision making. This can be either treated with medication, psychotherapy, or both at the same time. Bipolar disorder, which used to be known as manic depression is basically mood episodes where you go from an â€Å"up† mood to a low â€Å"depressive† mood. Medication is the main thing the doctor would suggest. Usually, lithium serves as a moodShow MoreRelatedDepression Symptoms And Symptoms Of Depression739 Words   |  3 Pages Depression is something that nobody in the universe would want. Depression kills. What is depression? Depression is a mood disorder causing a persistent feeling of sadness and lost of interest. (Depression Symptoms and Warning Signs. Depression Symptoms Warning Signs: How to Recognize Depression Symptoms and Get Effective Help. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.) Some symptoms you can get while having depression includes feeling hopeless and helpless, you lose interest in friends, activities, etcRead MoreDepression : Symptoms And Symptoms1545 Words   |  7 PagesDepression is a well-known disease all around the world. Everyone thinks that they know what depression is. They deduce that depression is just about being sad, that anyone with it can just be happy whenever they want, and it comes without any symptoms. That s not what depression is. It s way more complex and complicated than that. Depression is an illness that really affects the brain and the person suffering from it. What is depression? Depression is a serious mood disorder that causes a constantRead MoreDepression : Symptoms And Symptoms2066 Words   |  9 PagesDepression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. It affects every aspect of a person’s life from the way they think and behave, to how they feel. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems. Those with depression will have difficulty doing day to day activities and feel like their life isn’t worth living. A lot of people think it’s a weakness or something that a person can just ‘snap out of’ but it’s not that easy, and may even requireRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1500 Words   |  6 Pagestreating depression? Researchers at the Mayo Clinic define depression as â€Å"a mood disorder that causes sadness and loss of interest† and goes on to say, â€Å"it affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a va riety of emotional and physical problems†(Depression). For two years, I knew that something was wrong with me, but the symptoms that I was experiencing didn t mirror anything that I equated with depression. My primary care physician was equally perplexed by my presented symptoms and I wasRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1168 Words   |  5 Pagesand keep worrying about what options are available and not doing your daily routine, you are feeling depression. You may feel that nothing can help but this is very untrue. Most people can recover from many convulsion of depression. After recovering from depression many people look back at it and use it as part of their life experience for those who may have the same symptoms on depression. Depression can make people to change their lifestyle. It’s a serious medical condition in which a person medicalRead MoreDepression : Symptoms And Symptoms Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesDepression is a behavior disorder that can affect many people in the world. This disorder does not only affect adults, but children as well. â€Å"Depression is an episode of sadness or apathy along with other symptoms that lasts two consecutive weeks† according to (http://www.webmd.com/depression/ss/slideshow-depression-overview). A person with depression is affected both physically and emotionally. People can be affected by many types of depression which affects every single person with depression differentlyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of The Depression Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesClinical depression is a disease that affects many people, ranging from children to elderly adults. Depression is a scary word to many and conjures up ugly, stereotypical images of people being sad all the time and wanting to kill themselves. Depression is treatable, but the same method of treatment will not be effective on every patient. Many people suffering from depression question whether they are actually depressed or just hav ing a bad day. Often times, a person who believes they are sufferingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1340 Words   |  6 Pagesthat can contribute to one’s depression. Such as, biological, psychological and sociocultural. These factors include emotional symptoms, cognitive symptoms, behavior symptoms, somatic symptoms, and impairment in social and occupational functioning. So, what is depression? Everybody experiences times in their life with feeling blue or sad. Depression, however is a medical condition to where the person feels a stronger sadness for a lot longer than normal. Depression can be mild, severe or chronicRead MoreDepression : Symptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1812 Words   |  8 Pages Jessica Arevalo Park University Depression The word depression comes from the Latin and means a state of affective disorders. Depression is not common as normal fluctuations in emotional life but represents a disease with a clear outline in contrast to a mental disorder. Depression is one of the mild disease and fundamentally temporary (Aguirre, 2008). The different duration and severity depend on the causes and remedy together. It can be part of a psychoneurotic disorder, psychological-physicalRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1197 Words   |  5 PagesEtiology of depression Depression can be defined as a typical mental issue that give discouraged disposition, less interest or delight, diminished energy levels, sentiments of blame or low self-esteem, disturbed appetite or sleep, and poor focus in daily life matters. Symptoms of anxiety and insomnia are closely associated with term depression. Depression can be categorised as â€Å" Mental illness† because it severely affects the state of human’s mind and propose hurdles and obstacles in daily life

Complimentary Asset Examples - 1795 Words

9/30/2009 Managing Information Systems – Ch. 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today Learning Objectives †¢ Understanding the effects of information systems (IS) on business and their relationship to globalization †¢ Explain why information systems are essential in business †¢ Define an information system and describe its y management, organization, and technology components †¢ Define complementary assets and their role in ensuring that information systems add organizational value †¢ Describe the different disciplines used to study information systems, and explain how each contributes to our understanding of them †¢ Explain what is meant by a sociotechnical systems perspective NBA Teams: A Slam Dunk With IT †¢ Problem: Lack of hard data†¦show more content†¦IT and Strategic Business Objectives †¢ Competitive advantage – Delivering better performance – Charging less for superior products – Responding to customers and suppliers in real time –E Example: T l Toyota and TPS (Toyota Production S d (T P d i System) enjoy ) j a considerable advantage over competitors †¢ Survival – Information technologies as competitive necessity – May be: †¢ Industry-level changes, e.g. Citibank’s introduction of ATMs †¢ Governmental regulations requiring record-keeping – Examples: Toxic Substances Control Act, Sarbanes-Oxley Act 4 9/30/2009 The Interdependence Between Organizations and IT In contemporary systems there is a growing interdependence between a firm’s information systems and its business capabilities. 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Destination Auditing A Case of COSTWOLDS Area

Question: Assignment Remit You are asked to assume the role as a consultant, specialising in destination management. You have been asked by Cotswold Tourism to undertake a destination audit critically analysing the current situation of the destination. Cotswold Tourism has identified the need to balance tourism growth from three distinct source markets which offer the best potential. These are the UK domestic market, key European countries and thirdly the expanding Asian Markets; in particular India and China. Your analysis will form the basis of any future change of strategy by the organisation. In order to achieve this, you should complete the Destination Audit Toolkit which provides a framework for auditing the destination and for highlighting to the key issues facing the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty when considering your chosen target market. For the purpose of this assignment your analysis should focus on one specific country. This could be the UK or any European or Asian Market. As visitors from your chosen country are unlikely to behave as a homogenous group, you should consider the needs and opportunities offered by different t market segments within your chosen country. Answer: 1.0. Responsible tourism: This is a report that is based upon the destination management of tourism. This report discusses the role, policies of destination management for Cotswold Tourism. This place is diversified with beautiful landscape. Every form of tourism can be made as responsible tourism. As stated by Beesley-De Andrade et al. (2013), responsible tourism refers to the making of best place for the purpose of visit of the people. The group of people who manage the destination for the sake of tourists and the place can be responsible in order to sustain the particular place of tourism. Destination management is a wide idea that can help in order to maximize the benefit of the growth of that particular place. Sustainability of that destination can be the effective process of responsible tourism. 1.1. Detail role of Cotswold Tourism: According to Hudson (2013), Cotswold is a popular tourist destination of United Kingdom. Per year millions of tourist attend Cotswold. This place has maintained its reputation within national as well as international level. This area generates 425 million per year for the economy of U.K. The Cotswold Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) is the protected area and several types of management plans have been taken to improve sustainable tourism within this place. Cotswold Conservation Board has taken initiative for conserving and enhancing the Cotswold AONB. This board has also taken initiative to enhance the living standard of the inhabitants of this region. In order to sustain the cultural heritage of the place this board has also done many initiatives (Cotswoldsaonb.org.uk, 2015). Cotswold has taken the initiative to promote sustainable tourism. Several joint initiatives have been taken to promote a green tourism project for the locality of Cotswold. Cotswold Conservation Board has maintained an effective relationship with its wide range of stakeholders (Cotswoldsaonb.org.uk, 2015). 1.2. Stakeholders for DMO: As stated by Lugosi and Walls (2013) Destination management organization has different as well as huge ranges of stakeholders. Visitors, community, tourism industry service, several regional authorities are the stakeholders of a Destination management organization. On the other hand Pearce and Schnzel (2013) argued that, shareholders, top level of management and the partners, general public, various types of trade associations, local inhabitants, trade unions, customers, employees, supplies and different types of Non Governmental Organizations are the important stakeholders for a Destination Management Organization as Cotswold. Effective relation and collaboration always have to be maintained in order to engage all types of stakeholders within the activities of destination management of a place. 1.3. Important policies and strategies: According to Hudson (2013), strategy of Cotswold conservation Board is to deliver a sustainable tourism within the place. It has taken its strategies to strengthen the collaboration among the different group of stakeholders. It has also maintained a strong partnership with all group of stakeholder. It has also taken the policies to protect the environment of that particular region (Icrtourism.org, 2015). On the other hand, Lugosi and Walls (2013) stated that, the basic role of this board is to conserve and enhance the environment. Protection of environment from severe tourism activities have been taken by this board. This board has also taken initiative to deliver the process of sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism has a growing importance in the world of tourism. Therefore, this board has taken various types of initiatives in order to protect the environment from pollution that can be caused by tourism activities of tourists. On the other hand, this board will take initiatives for strengthening the cultural diversity of the people of the place. Cultural heritage have to be maintained by the board for delivering sustainable tourism in that place (Info, 2015) 2.0 Market Analysis 2.1 Market Overview of Cotswold Tourism in Asian Markets Lingaraja et al. (2014) commented on the fact that with the unique arts, crafts, fabulous festivals along with mesmerized and dramatic landscape, Cotswold has been an emerging as one of best tourism destinations in the global world. Cotswold has a wonderful cocktail mixture of heritage, culture, coasts along with countryside that gives a perfect tourism destination among the customers. According to the viewpoint of Aalto (2015) there are several attractions and tourist destination spots that includes Roman Baths, Cotswold Falconry, Hailes Abbey, Corinum Museum , Newark Park etc. that are global destinations that helps in attraction of several tourists all around the world. From the outlook of Tilly et al. (2015) after successful growth of the Cotswold tourism in the European countries including UK, it is trying to expand its market globally across Asian countries like India and China. With the increase in expansion of tourism industries in Asia, the tendency of the Asians in order to explore and visit European countries are also increasing at the rapid pace. In addition to this, Hsieh and Nieh (2010) commented that sustainable tourism has captured todays market in a huge amount that makes the tourism to these places attractive to the customers. It has been seen statistically that India, China. Korea and even Japan are the developing tourism markets. According to the outlook of Lal Bhasin (2010), the visitor increase in Cotswold from Asian market is increasing by an average of 15% every year. In addition to this, the joining of Cotswold tourism in the Japanese and Chinese campaigns and creating the micro websites in these languages helped the tourism ma rketing to a huge extent. 2.2 Key growth segments Please describe your target market including important demographic information Please discuss the key motivations to visit the Cotswolds List the core products or themes enjoyed by these visitors Please justify why this segment offer potential for the Cotswolds Niche Market Walkers and Cyclists along with weekend holidays Aalto (2015) had commented that the tourists in order to seek holidays at low cost options of accommodation. Along with this, Hsieh and Nieh (2010) also had a view that walkers and cyclists in order to increase their interest in making their health better seek holidays and places that will give them relaxation. Chalford Stroud, South Cotswold, Severe Vale Lal Bhasin (2010) commented that this segment offers potential to Cotswold since now days, the people need some occasional breaks that will freshened hem up as well as help them to spend time with families. Rural, environmental as well as conservation With the aim of environmental tourism along with conservation of the environment for sustainable marketing, Cotswolds visit motivates the tourists. In addition to this, Lingaraja et al. (2014) the presence of local wildlife, geology trusts, nature reserves and geology trails are the motivating factors that attracts the tourists to a great extent. Mill Dene Garden, Westonbirt Arboretum, Cotswold Wildlife Park and Gardens The tourists that are highly focused towards the sustainable tourists prefer these places due to greenery as well as refreshment (Aalto, 2015). Historical Places The rich cultural heritages, distinctive geographical areas, are the special treats to the tourists that have aimed for visiting the historical regions. So from the viewpoint of Tilly et al. (2015) these historical regions are the motivators to the tourists that are more interested in historical regions. Roman Baths, Blenheim Palace, Holst Birthplace Museum According to the opinion of Shyu and Sun (2010) there are certain people who are focused towards the historical regions that will help the people in get to know about the histories and origins of those places. 3.1 Tousrism Product Portfolio Tourism portfolio: Full Name Cotswold district, Gloucestershire, England Official language English National Language English Population 139, 000 Religions Catholic and Protestants and Baptists Currency US $ , Euro and Pound Hotel Architectural products Natural beauty with various visitors with more than 500, 000 per year. some of the scenery and beauty are given below Chipping Campden It is very much situated on the northern side of the Cotswold. This is one of the major market place of Cotswold build in the 7th of centaury just with stone and bricks. During the year 1902 the various types of heritage guilds are very much pushed down here (www.cotswoldsaonb.org.uk, 2015). Number of craftsman and old silk material are sold and brought here. This place is now museum which is made of fabulous creative design Broadway This place very much based on the art and is build in the 20th century. Some of the major British personalities like Henry James and Edmund goose has workshop here. Snow hill manor It is one of the classic form of country house with full of architect and gardens are full of arts and light. Burton on the water It is one of the greenery view with five budges along with 17th centaury houses build around. This place is mostly visited by children and family (www.nrs.fs.fed.us, 2015). Local authorities Transport facilities, clean water, Conservation board along with public health safety are present here with hospitals and Police stations. Local conservation department ahs banned the car or the any other energy sources. Cycling and horse riding are some of the exquisite style is been chosen to promote the Green tourism (www.cotswoldsaonb.org.uk, 2015). 3.2 Supporting Products and Infrastructure Supporting the products and infrastructure by : Accommodation: Small number of hotels motels, reposts and paying guest. Cheaper accommodations around $70 to $250 are available. There are also some of paying guest or home stay that gives the tourist to for night stay for only $15 (Akyol, 2013). Some of the major facilities are 24*7 water, toilet, comfort room and local food and pleasurable and warm welcome. This would attract the Asian people because of low cost and enjoying the scenic beauty (Cotswoldsaonb.org.uk, 2015). Places to eat: Some of major restaurant like Champignon Sausage is very much known for its multi-cuisine restaurants that offers Italian and Chinese and Thai delicacies. Apart from that, Chipping Norton is famous for its English delicates and local delicacies like Chesses roasted chicken with soya sauce (Dorenda-Zaborowicz, 2012). Lastly wild garlic sells the organic and vegetarian food which are much based on the on the heart of town. Transport: Transportation facilities like clean road and cycling and horse riding some of the popular transportation facilities available in the Cotswolds. Apart from that, there have been other major transportation facilities for reach at the cots world is train or bus or hiring or sharing of cab. (Fisher, 2014). However, lack of destination flight is also one of the major issues which hampering its business of tourist. One of the major issues is Local civic society the people who are promoting the religion. Various cultural group and heritage group are very much is coming with new conservation norms which is very much difficult to maintain. 3.3 Image and branding In order to improve the image and branding of the Cotswold destination some of the major techniques are to be use: Better Promotion activities: With the help of creating the social media fan page , place would be very much popular. Some of the social media platform like Face book fan page and twitter handler would create right set of buzz in the market or improve the image of the destinations (www.cotswoldsaonb.org.uk, 2015). Along with that, brochures and websites would also another major way to attract the Asian because Asian travelers are inspired by the them. 3.3.1 Brand image Outdoors Games: With hiking , Skiing and camping and some of the other adventure sports are very attract the tourist now a days (Fisher, 2014). Amusement parks: Amusement parks and aquariums are some of the major way to families and children to engaging (Fisher, 2014). Amusement parks and aquarium would creates right way of connect with Asian market because of the most of world traveler in Asian are families with 22.3% . These are some of the few things which will help to improve the image and branding of the destinations. 4.0 Analyses of environment of Cotswolds Destination 4.1 Competitor Analysis In the Europe country, there are several destinations where people visited mostly. Following table demonstrates the current top competitors with details that help in understanding appropriate reason of competition within the market is. Competitor Explanation Justification Yorkshire It is the top most competitors of the Cotswolds. Majority of people prefer for visit on Yorkshire due to the popularity of place. According to Berman (2009), Yorkshire is called the Gods Own County on the earth. Apart from that, food and drink reputation of the place is best within the European Countries. The sheer beauty of the region attracts visitors mostly. According to the opinion of analyst, Cotswolds is weaker rather than the Yorkshire because it is the top most favourite region in Europe. However, in the region of Yorkshire, people get food and drink in both high quality as well as low price (Fu and Qu, 2013). It is also one valid reason regarding attraction of visitors. Bath It is also another great competitor of Cotswolds in Europe region. According to Baekgaard and Jensen (2011), Bath is the most beautiful small city in England. However, due to popularity, people from different region are visited to the place regularly. Apart from that, the management department of Bath county already established their county as a most favourable part of tourism destination in Europe market. This destination is also popular from the life and time of one resident Jane Austen. Moreover, the region is also become popular for Holburne and One Royal Crescent. Cotswolds is weaker rather than the Bath in Europe from the point of view of best destination spot of tourism. Apart from that, within the Bath region, shopping, eating, staying and drinking has lots of facilities rather than the Cotswolds. People can find any place for staying in within few kilometres. Moreover, the dearth of good and affordable place make popular instead of Cotswold in Europe region. Devon It is also another key competitor of Cotswolds. Strolls, cream teas, craggy coves, picnic spots, pints, etc attract people to visit the Devon. Apart from that, Devon folk make the place popular for tourism in Europe. Within the region of Devon, People can easily get Lamb, pheasant, cheese, apple juice, ice cream, etc (Telegraph.co.uk, 2015). From the point of facilities, Cotswolds is much stringer rather than the Devon. Because, Cotswolds is an old destination place in UK. However, in the Cotswolds county, people get food and drink easily as well as find the place of staying with affordable price (Upson et al. 2012). The Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty attract people most rather than the Devon. 4.2 Discussion of important trends that are likely to affect your key target market in the next two years. In order to expand the visitors and attract the people of target market several trends has to be involve by the company. These trends helps making plan for maximizing the customers awareness in target market of the company especially in the Asian Markets where people likes to visit from one place to another. Following are the trends that affect the Cotswolds destinations target market Social Media: This is the most important and potential trends in these days that allowed the business organisation in increasing customers as well as engaging them. Two effective social media websites such as Facebook and Twitter is the current trends of expanding business as well as attract customers in target market (Halliman, 2009). Through social media, Cotswolds is able to provide ads and tweet or updates about their famous place that attract customers. Publishing on LinkedIn: LinkedIn is one of the most popular social media network site in these days. Majority of business owners alongside managers, leaders, administrators shows their activity on LinkedIn (Mikulia and Prebaac, 2012). Therefore, publishing image of famous place and tweeting about the place can able to attract customers of Asian Markets towards visiting the Cotswolds. Advertising: In order to attract the customers and understanding them about the place, Cotswolds have to provides advertise on the local news paper, daily as well as weekly magazine with image and contexts (Steve Fong and Wong, 2012). Apart from that, advertise through TV channel and taking sponsors in different tournament such as tannins, cricket, Olympic Games, etc can allow to attract customers towards Cotswold. 5.1 Conclusions - The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities Threats) The assessment of all the key issues of the tourism in the Cotswolds based on the Asian market is summarised in the following SWOT analysis which are discussed below: Strengths: It is a well-established and also a high profile place for the tourists across the overseas and also UK. It is one of the largest and also the second largest site of the England. In the international context it is one of the important wildlife habitats and sites. The visitors loyalty of this place is also high with the repeat visits of the visitors due to which it also can target the Asian market and the Asian peoples also can interested towards this place. There is also having the availability of the numerous cultural attractions which helps to attract the large numbers of the people of the various countries along with the Asian people towards the place. The natural view of the place is on the basis of the high quality and also helps to build a good environment. The site is also in a very good place surrounded by the nearby places of historic places and also the attractive gateways. This place is also bearing the wide range facilities and the services for the visitors which also hel p to set up in the Asian market. The present communities and the people are very friendly in nature which also attracts the people Goranczewski et al. (2010). Weakness: On the basis of the Asian market, the Cotswolds area considered as an expensive places. The maintenance of the roads and places are also not that much good. Some of the areas of the Cotswolds bearing limited mobile phone coverage. There is also present of the continued growth in the completions in this limited share market. Due to the presence of these problems it becomes impossible to set up in the Asian market Kartakoullis et al. (2002). Opportunities: Now days there occurs some of the development of the new products to add up in the features of the Cotswolds such as cycling, walking, conservation etc which also can give some of the opportunities to build up in the Asian market. It also has the opportunities to do the growth in the heritage tourism. It also helps to improve the importance of the country side in respect of wellbeing and health Reihanian et al. (2012). Threats: In respect of threats to build up in the Asian market there are increased numbers of the competitions with the various destinations of UK and also the overseas. There are also the various uncertainties of the proper land use planning which lead to the inappropriate development Reihanian et al. (2012). 5.2. Summary Conclusion Cotswolds is one of the high profile destinations within the Europe country. The destination ANOB is one of the largest tourist places in UK. The most important thing that attracts people towards Cotswolds is the wildlife habits and sites. The key issue that may affect in de-motivating people of Asian Market is the price. Cotswolds is the most expensive place in UK. Therefore, Majority of people in Asian Market is price sensitive. It may not allow in attracting the consumers from the target markets. Apart from that low presence of current visitors, also affect customers mind negatively in Asian Market. Reference List Akyol, Ã…Â ¾. (2013). Social Media and Marketing: Viral Marketing. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. Cotswoldsaonb.org.uk, (2015). Cotswolds AONB : Home. [online] Available at: https://www.cotswoldsaonb.org.uk [Accessed 28 Mar. 2015]. Dorenda-Zaborowicz, M. (2012). Marketing w social media. Nowe Media, 0(3), p.59. Fisher, E. (2014). 'You Media': audiencing as marketing in social media. Media, Culture Society, 37(1), pp.50-67. https://www.cotswoldsaonb.org.uk, (2015). The Population and Economy of the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. [online] Available at: https://www.cotswoldsaonb.org.uk/userfiles/file/Factsheet/FACTSHEET6.pdf [Accessed 28 Mar. 2015]. The fusion marketing bible: fuse traditional media, social media, and digital media to maximize marketing. (2013). Choice Reviews Online, 50(10), pp.50-5695-50-5695. www.nrs.fs.fed.us, (2015). PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS OF A DESTINATIONS TOURISM PRODUCT LINE. [online] Available at: https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/gtr/gtr_nrs-p-14/12-daniel-p-14.pdf [Accessed 28 Mar. 2015]. Beesley-De Andrade, L., Hall, C., Cooper, C., Kastarlak, B., Richardson, J., Kotler, P., Cooper, C. and Walker, J. (2013). Responsible destination management. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia. Hudson, S. (2013). Knowledge exchange: A destination perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing Management, 2(3), pp.129-131. Lugosi, P. and Walls, A. (2013). Researching destination experiences: Themes, perspectives and challenges. Journal of Destination Marketing Management, 2(2), pp.51-58. Pearce, D. and Schnzel, H. (2013). Destination management: The tourists perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing Management, 2(3), pp.137-145. Icrtourism.org, (2015). International Centre for Responsible Tourism - ICRTLeeds. [online] Available at: https://www.icrtourism.org/ [Accessed 28 Mar. 2015]. Info, C. (2015). The Cotswolds Tour Guide | Cotswold Travel Information. [online] Cotswolds.info. Available at: https://www.cotswolds.info/ [Accessed 28 Mar. 2015]. Baekgaard, M. and Jensen, C. (2011). The Dynamics of Competitor Party Behaviour. Political Studies, 60(1), pp.131-146. Berman, B. (2009). From assets to profits. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Fu, S. and Qu, F. (2013). Global Asymptotic Behavior of a Nonautonomous Competitor-Competitor-Mutualist Model. Abstract and Applied Analysis, 2013, pp.1-8. Halliman, C. (2009). Business intelligence using smart techniques. Houston, Tex.: Information Uncover. Mikulia, J. and Prebaac, D. (2012). Accounting for dynamics in attribute-importance and for competitor performance to enhance reliability of BPNN-based importanceperformance analysis. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(5), pp.5144-5153. Steve Fong, C. and Wong, J. (2012). Competitor analysis and accounting of social networking site service companies in China. Journal of Technology Management in China, 7(3), pp.243-254. Upson, J., Ketchen, D., Connelly, B. and Ranft, A. (2012). Competitor Analysis and Foothold Moves. Academy of Management Journal, 55(1), pp.93-110. Telegraph.co.uk, (2015). Best places and cities to visit in England. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/uk/11177512/Top-10-best-places-and-cities-to-visit-in-England.html [Accessed on 28.03.2015] Aalto, P. (2015). Corrigendum to Institutions in European and Asian energy markets: A methodological overview  [Energy Policy 74 (2014) 415]. Energy Policy. Hsieh, J. and Nieh, C. (2010). An overview of Asian equity markets. Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, 24(2), pp.19-51. Lal Bhasin, M. (2010). Dharma, Corporate Governance and Transparency: An Overview of the Asian Markets. IJBM, 5(6). Lingaraja, K., Selvam, M. and Vasanth, V. (2014). The Stock Market Efficiency of Emerging Markets: Evidence from Asian Region. ASS, 10(19). Shyu, J. and Sun, H. (2010). Do Institutional Investors Herd in Emerging Markets? Evidence from the Taiwan Stock Market. AJFA, 2(2). Tilly, R., Fischbach, K. and Schoder, D. (2015). Mineable or messy? Assessing the quality of macro-level tourism information derived from social media. Electronic Markets. Goranczewski, B. and Puciato, D. (2010). SWOT Analysis in the Formulation of Tourism Development Strategies for Destinations. Tourism, 20(2). Kartakoullis, N. and Karlis, G. (2002). Developing Cyprus as a sport tourism destination: the results of a swot analysis. Journal of Sport Tourism, 7(4), pp.3-17. Reihanian, A., Mahmood, N., Kahrom, E. and Hin, T. (2012). Sustainable tourism development strategy by SWOT analysis: Boujagh National Park, Iran. Tourism Management Perspectives, 4, pp.223-228.

Risk Management of Aviation Security an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Risk Management of Aviation Security On September 11, 2001, airplanes hijacked by terrorists, slammed into the Twin Towers, the Pentagon, and crashed in a field. With the severity and tragic success of these terrorist conspiracies which claimed over 3,000 lives combines with the fear of another similar attack, has created a sense of urgency for increased airline security, including the use of lethal force (Emling, 2002). I believe had pilots been, armed terrorist would not have accessed the cockpit. Need essay sample on "Risk Management of Aviation Security" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The presence of Air Marshals on commercial airlines has increased from 50 to 1000s, since the September 11 attacks, pilots express the need of flying armed along with the Air Marshals. Arming pilots with handguns has become the most popular concept for implementing airline security, especially among the pilots (Rider, 2003). Although pilots already bear the enormous responsibility of safely flying the airplane, assigning them the additional responsibility of carrying a firearm, and maintaining security is the only immediate, practical solution to secure aircraft, which do not have a reinforced cockpit door and multiple air marshals aboard (Irvine, 2002). Pilots have the responsible for operating and landing the plane, and the safety of crew and passengers. Armed pilots will help increase the safety of passengers, and crewmembers (Plante, 2009). The Air Marshals program has created an elite group of highly-trained aviation security professionals who work in teams and in very close co-ordination with airlines and flight crews (St. Johns,1991). Many concerns about arming pilots or letting them carry guns, but armed pilots actually have a much easier job than Air Marshals. An armed marshal in a crowded cabin is attacked from any direction he or she must be able to quickly distinguish innocent civilians from terrorists. An armed pilot only needs to concern himself with the people trying to force their way into the cockpit. It is also much easier to defend a position such as the cockpit, than to have to pursue the terrorist and physically subdue them, as a marshal would (Lott, 2003). The only way it would be possible to have armed pilots is if they were government employees of a government airline (Kince, 2002). Armed pilot is easily identifiable because he is always located in the cockpit and wears a uniform. For this reason alone, pilots should not be armed, and should never exit the cockpit (Wald, 2002). The September 11 terrorists were able to access the cockpit because the pilots are unarmed and unable to defend their cockpits. Exhibiting a strong deterrence on commercial aircraft by means of Federal Air Marshalls will be continually required. There is something about the possibility of looking down the barrel of a gun during an unauthorized opening of the cockpit door will keep a terrorist from repeating another 9/11 type event (Plante, 2009). Several disadvantages to pilots not being allowed to fly armed for example, terrorists could gain control of cockpit and take over the aircraft, insufficient training of pilots to fly armed, insufficient funding to place air marshals on all flights, and hijackers could overpower pilots and law enforcement and take guns from them. If airplanes had reinforced cockpit doors and have one or two Air Marshals on board every flight, this would meet the public demand for improved safety requirements. Until these measures are implemented airplanes can only be considered safe if the pilot is armed. Because of these serious implications, the feasibility of the proposed security measures must be considered (Lott, 2003). The Federal Air Marshal Service, a TSA agency that runs the armed-pilots program, reports that 85,000 to 90,000 pilots and crewmembers flying domestic passenger and cargo planes are eligible to carry a gun. That puts the number of armed pilots at about 9,500. The TSA projects the program to grow to 16.5% of eligible pilots by the year 2011 (Frank, 2005). While, doing the research for this paper I discovered All armed pilots are trained and deputized federal law enforcement officers. Airline pilots have been (re)armed for nearly five years now (Price, 2008), I honestly did not know pilots have been flying armed. References Emling, Shelley (2002) Ground Zero: The Solemn Salute Retrieved November 19, 2009 from The Plain Dealer. Frank, Thomas (2005) More than 10% of pilots allowed to fly armed Retrieved November 19, 2009 from USA TODAY Irvine, James M (2002) Pilots Need Guns for Protection Retrieved on November 19, 2009 from The Plain Dealer. Kince, Thomas (2002) Armed Pilots Mean Nationalized Airlines Retrieved November 19, 2009 from SuppressedNews.com

Dry Ice Composition and Uses

Dry Ice Composition and Uses Dry ice is the general term for solid carbon dioxide (CO), coined in 1925 by Long Island-based Prest Air Devices. Though originally a trademarked term, dry ice has become the most common way of referring to carbon dioxide in its solid, or frozen, state. How Is Dry Ice Manufactured? Carbon dioxide is frozen by compressing carbon dioxide gas to a high pressure to create dry ice. When it is released, as liquid carbon dioxide, it quickly expands and evaporates, cooling some of the carbon dioxide down to the freezing point (-109.3 F or -78.5 C) so that it becomes solid snow. This solid can be compressed together into blocks, pellets, and other forms. Such dry ice snow also forms on the nozzle of a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher when it is used. Special Properties of Dry Ice Under normal atmospheric pressure, dry ice undergoes the process of sublimation, transitioning directly from solid to gaseous form. In general, at room temperature and normal pressure, it sublimates at a rate of 5 to 10 pounds every 24 hours. Because of the very low temperature of dry ice, it is used for refrigeration. Packing frozen food in dry ice allows it to remain frozen without the mess that would be involved with other cooling methods, such as water from melted ice. Several Uses of Dry Ice Cooling materials- food, biological samples, perishable items, computer components, etc.Dry ice fog (see below)Cloud seeding to increase precipitation from existing clouds or decreasing cloud thicknessTiny pellets can be shot at surfaces to clean them, similar to sanding ... since it sublimates, the benefit is less residue to clean upVarious other industrial uses Dry Ice Fog One of the most popular uses of dry ice is in special effects, to create fog and smoke. When combined with water, it sublimates into a cold mixture of carbon dioxide and humid air, which causes condensation of water vapor in the air, forming fog. Warm water speeds up the process of sublimation, producing more dramatic fog effects. Such devices can be used to make a smoke machine, although simplified versions of this could be created by putting dry ice in water and using fans on low settings. Safety Instructions Do not taste, eat or swallow! Dry ice is very cold and can damage your body.Wear heavy, insulated gloves. Since dry ice is cold, it can damage even your skin, giving you frostbite.Do not store in sealed container. Because dry ice constantly sublimates into carbon dioxide gas, storing it in a sealed container will cause pressure to build up. If it builds up enough, the container could explode.Use only in ventilated space. In a poorly ventilated area, the build up of carbon dioxide could create a suffocation hazard. This is a great danger when transporting the dry ice in a vehicle.Carbon dioxide is heavier than air. It will sink to the floor. Keep this in mind when thinking about how to make the space ventilated. Obtaining Dry Ice You can buy dry ice at most grocery stores. You have to ask for it, though. Sometimes there might be an age requirement on buying dry ice, requiring someone age 18 or over. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Middle School Science Fair Projects

Middle School Science Fair Projects It can be a challenge to come up with a middle school science fair project idea. There is fierce competition to come up with the coolest idea, plus you need a topic that is considered appropriate for your educational level: Elementary School ProjectsMiddle School ProjectsHigh School ProjectsCollege Projects This is your chance to shine! Middle school students may do alright with projects that describe or model phenomena, but if you can answer a question or solve a problem, you will excel. Try to propose a hypothesis and test it. Aim for a typed presentation with visual aids, such as pictures or physical examples. Choose a project you can do fairly quickly, to give you time to work on the report (no longer than a month). Schools may prohibit projects using hazardous chemicals or animals, so play it safe and avoid anything that might raise red flags with your teacher. Can you significantly affect your household water bill or electric bill (water or energy usage) by making a change in you or your familys behavior? For example, you might track changes you are making, like shorter showers or turning off lights, and record the utility usage.What household waste materials might be used to filter water? Examples of materials you might try would include banana peels and coffee grounds.What materials glow under black light? Can you use the UV light to find invisible, possibly smelly, stains in your carpet or elsewhere in your house?Will chilling an onion before cutting it keep you from crying?Does catnip repel cockroaches better than DEET?What ratio of vinegar to baking soda produces the best chemical volcano eruption?What type of plastic wrap prevents evaporation the best?What plastic wrap prevents oxidation the best?What percentage of an orange is water?Are night insects attracted to lamps because of heat or light?Can you make Jello using fresh pineappl es instead of canned pineapples? Do white candles burn at a different rate than colored candles?Does the presence of detergent in water affect plant growth?Can a saturated solution of sodium chloride still dissolve Epsom salts?Does magnetism affect the growth of plants?How does the shape of an ice cube affect how quickly it melts?Do different brands of popcorn leave different amounts of unpopped kernels?How accurately do egg producers measure eggs?How do differences in surfaces affect the adhesion of tape?If you shake up different kinds or brands of soft drinks (e.g., carbonated), will they all spew the same amount?Are all potato chips equally greasy?Do the same types of mold grow on all types of bread?Does light affect the rate at which foods spoil?Can you use a household water filter to remove flavor or color from other liquids?Does the power of a microwave affect how well it makes popcorn?Do all brands of diapers absorb the same amount of liquid? Does it matter what the liquid is (water as opposed to juice or... um.. urine)? Do all dishwashing detergents produce the same amount of bubbles? Clean the same number of dishes?Is the nutritional content of different brands of a vegetable (e.g., canned peas) the same?How permanent are permanent markers? What solvents (e.g., water, alcohol, vinegar, detergent solution) will remove the ink? Do different brands/types of markers produce the same results?Is laundry detergent as effective if you use less than the recommended amount? More?Do all hairsprays hold equally well? Equally long? Does the type of hair affect the results?What effect do additives have on the crystals? You could add food coloring, flavorings, or other impurities.What steps can you take to maximize crystal size? You can affect vibration, humidity, temperature, the  rate of evaporation, purity of your growth medium, and time allowed for crystal growth.How do different factors affect seed germination? Factors that you could test include the intensity, duration, or type of light, the temperature, the amount of water, the presence/absence of certain chemicals, or the presence/absence of soil. You can look at the percentage of seeds that germinate or the rate at which seeds germinate. Is a seed affected by its size? Do different size seeds have different germination rates or percentages? Does seed size affect the growth rate or final size of a plant?How does cold storage affect the germination of seeds? Factors you can control include the type of seeds, the  length of storage, the  temperature of storage, and other variables, such as light and humidity.What conditions affect the ripening of fruit? Look at ethylene and enclosing a fruit in a sealed bag, temperature, light, or nearness to other pieces or fruit.How are different soils affected by erosion? You can make your own wind or water and evaluate the effects on soil. If you have access to a very cold freezer, you can look at the effects of freeze and thaw cycles.How does the pH of soil relate to the pH of the water around the soil? You can make your own pH paper, test the pH of the soil, add water, then test the pH of the water. Are the two values the same? If not, is there a relationship between them?How close does a plant have to be to a pesticide for it to work? What factors influence the effectiveness of a pesticide (rain? light? wind?)? How much can you dilute a pesticide while retaining its effectiveness? How effective are natural pest deterrents?

ERP story Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ERP story - Case Study Example Another big challenge was regarding the data definitions and standardization among the three member companies and their systems. The project should enable consistency in data. Also the data should be available to everyone on a real time basis unlike current situation. A big challenge was also identified in non-standardization of interfaces for different applications and companies. Similar interfaces were desired for all systems as a result of the project. This would enable rotation of employees and easier knowledge transition. A major desired characteristic of the project was to ensure that the accounting and financial systems of the 3 companies are in sync and there is minimal manual intervention and control. There is also a need to make the human resource management processes more efficient by realizing economies of scale and leverage the individual capabilities of the 3 companies to the advantage of the whole group. Another characteristic of the project would be to create a uniform sales and marketing environment for the 3 companies and to leverage the use of internet and social media. Jean Roberge has identified his challenges and characteristics in mainly 2 areas which are obviously very important. However, he seems to have neglected challenges in a very important area which is People Management. In such a huge ERP project, the implementation would change the entire way in which people are going to work. Therefore, the required change in the mindset of the people is a big challenge (Wong et. al.). Therefore, a desired characteristic of the project should be to have training and counseling sessions for people to enable a smooth transition. These sessions would also enable them to overcome their apprehensions regarding lay-offs and job-cuts. Another challenge which should be considered is data migration. Migration from old systems to new systems especially in case of huge historical data could be a big challenge and can take days or

Corporate Financial Information Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Corporate Financial Information Analysis - Essay Example In simple words almost all have their own strategies to survive the downturn and afloat their businesses. This report aims to offer an insight into the financial analysis of the two companies in the light of the credit crisis on the financial state of these companies. The past and current financial performances of any company are significant to shape up the future funding strategies of the respective organisation. Shareholders’ wealth creation is significant for any organisation. The impact of credit crisis on the creation of shareholders’ wealth of the two companies is analyzed in this report to make the analysis more judicious. Balfour Beatty and Redrow are two leading players in the housing development and infrastructure industry. Both of these companies are listed in FTSE 250 index. These two are taken up for financial analysis to detect the effect of financial downturn on the market. Balfour Beatty: This UK organisation is a renowned name in road infrastructure, electrical and mechanical engineering, support services and other disciplines (Balfour Beatty, n.d.). In the year 2009, the company ranked 19th among the international leagues table of contractors. Established in the year 1909, it is now one of the largest fixed rail infrastructures contracting company across the globe. The company handles infrastructure building, including civil and rail engineering for a wide range of products. Apart from UK, the organisation also focuses on asset management and capital projects in United States (Hoovers, 2010). In future, its strengths and well-developed strategy will help it to retain the respected position. Redrow is one of the leading property development organisations in UK. Imaginative design and quality customer service have been the key pillars of its operation (Redrow, 2010). At the time of financial downturn, the entire housing market of UK was in a very vulnerable

Sections of the Library Essay Example for Free

Sections of the Library Essay 1. Acquisition Section The objectives of the Acquisition are Selection , Ordering and Accessioning of books in Accession Registers. The library procures those books which are recommended by the teachers / Scientists of the university. Further Chief Librarian also takes initiative in selecting books of general nature and text books. The list of recommended books is placed before the Primary Purchase Committee (PPC) exclusively for selection of books and periodicals. Orders are placed when the PPC approves the list of books and journals. 2. Processing Section Processing Section undertakes two vital functions, viz. , (a) Classification and (b) Cataloguing (a) Classificaton Class numbers are given to the books according to the Dewey decimal Classification Scheme (DDC). (b) Cataloguing Books are catalogued according to Anglo American Cataloguing Rules -II (AACR-II) . For each book three entries are prepared. 3. Circulation Section The function of the circulation section centers round issue and return of the books. The lending period without fine is one month. The over due fine rupee one per day is charged on every book issued beyond the lending period. 4. Current Periodical Section Current Periodical Section is located at the ground floor. In this section , journals which are subscribed to the library for the current year are displayed. 5. Reference Section -Reference books are not issued , but readers may consult it within the premises of the Library. The reference books are shelved in three different Halls. Reading Hall I : For current information. Reading Hall II: For books on Agriculture and allied subjects. Reading Hall III: For books on Home Science 6. Text Book Bank Section There is a separate Text Book Bank ( TBB ) Secton in the Library. Books from TBB are issued for one semester against a nominal charge of Rupees 2 ( two) for each book. 7. Reprography Section The facility to photostat is also available in the library against a nominal charge of 75 paise per document. 8. Exhibition-cum-Conference Section In this section collection of books / documents of a few eminent scientists are available . Informations regarding different courses inside and outside the country are also found here . 9. Stack Areas The library is proud of having large stack areas. Side by side, the facility for reading is also available in this stack room 10. Back Volume Section A large number of bound old journals are available in the Back Volume section. These journals are  arranged alphabetically by title. 11. Computer Unit Computer unit is the latest addition . Preparations are about to develop this section. SectionAbout The Stacks— The Dewey Decimal System (000. 00 ABC)The stacks are generally considered the NON-FICTION section of the library. Here, books are classified and arranged by number in the Dewey Decimal System. The general categories for Dewey are below: 000 Generalities 100 Philosophy psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Language 500 Natural sciences mathematics 600 Technology (Applied sciences) 700 The arts 800 Literature rhetoric 900 Geography history  This is not a section students â€Å"browse†Ã¢â‚¬â€it is difficult to locate a book if you don’t know its number! Reference—REF The second Dewey section—usually not for general checkout. Oversized—OvzThis is the third Dewey section, where books that are too large for the shelves in the stacks are located. In-house readers usually know that the Guinness Book of World Records is on the first shelf of this section. Biography—B 92The biography section is placed just before fiction. Here, you find books on a specific person, organized alphabetically by last name. Short Stories—SCLocated between Biography and Fiction is the Short Story Collection. Books that are only made up of short works are located here. Fiction—FThe fiction section is alphabetized by author’s last name. Books by each author are then organized by title. Graphic Novel—GrNvlThis collection is the â€Å"Not for Checkout† collection. We try to keep a variety of comics, manga, and special graphics for your in-house use. If you’ve never read something like this, ask a librarian for suggestions! Different materials used in the library 1. magazines 2. newspapers 3. reference books 4. encyclopedia 5. dictionaries 6. books films 7. computer terminals 8. audio-visual equipment circulation books.

Field Project :: essays research papers

Field Project   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To start off my discussion about inequality in the world I asked my sister four questions. 1) What is your American Dream? 2) Do you think there is an exit for children who live in poverty? 3) What is your idea of â€Å"makin it†? 4) As a citizen what do you feel you can do to help? I wanted to get an idea of her overall thought before telling her the brutal truth if she doesn’t already know.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Answers: 1) My American Dream is the quote â€Å" Happiness is positive cash flow†. It symbolizes having a good job that provides me with plenty of money so I can have most of what I want. With a lot of work and perseverance, I think it would be possible to provide your children with a better life than you had. 2) The majority of children who live in poverty will remain in poverty. The way you are brought up is the way you’re going to stay. 3) My idea of â€Å"makin it† is to become successful and happy. 4) As a citizen and as my job I feed the children everyday and make sure they eat and that they are happy. I asked her to explain to me what she does everyday.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My name is Suzanne Michelle Boily and I am a Food Service Manager for the Board of Education. I work in Williamsburg Green point, Brooklyn. Previously, I worked in the South Bronx in District 7 at PS 29. I work in the school’s cafeteria. I was the only white girl in the area. When I first got the job I was very intimidated to be the minority. The children screamed to me â€Å"Hey whitey what are you doing here†. After a couple of months of getting used to it the children offered me to walk me to my car when school was out because they new it was dangerous. There used to be all kinds of pornography flyers left on my car. The neighborhood is called the projects. There were many open fields with rats running around and I always saw packs of stray dogs in the neighborhood. The children in school sometimes, which was usually never, came to school; they would drop out or come stoned. They didn’t care about school; they would just come into eat as fa r as I saw. I asked, Could anyone off the streets come in and eat?

Invictus Explication Essay

Written in the form of a sonnet, William Ernest Henleys poem â€Å"Invictus† describes the continuos battle against darkness and sin that every human being experiences in his or her life. â€Å"Invictus† is formatted in four stanzas with four lines each and every stanza serves a separate purpose then the stanzas before. Henley reveals one of the major themes of this poem through the words â€Å"My head is bloody, but unbowed† (8). This line at the end of stanza two displays that everybody will endure struggles at some point in their life, but they cannot let those struggles complete destroy hemselves. Each stanza not only introduces realistic struggles and hardships that human beings face, but they also illustrate how humans can triumph over those hardships. For example, the very beginning of the poem starts off with â€Å"Out of the night that covers me/ Black as the pit from pole to pole† implying that darkness and wickedness surround someone’s life (1-2). Later on in the beginning of stanzas two and three words such as â€Å"fell clutch/†¦ horror of the shade’†¦ [and] menace of the years† also introduce a dark and gloomy tone to the poem (4,9-10). Once the gloomy tone has een presented, Henley quickly switches gears and flips the tone to one of strength and encouragement; The transition of tones is exhibited in strong language such as â€Å"l have not winced, nor cried aloud† (6). Henley formats each stanza in a way where the reader leaves with positive thoughts as he or she continues reading. All throughout the poem, every line contains either a positive or negative tone; however, the order in which the lines are written change with each stanza. Rather than simply alternating between positive and negative tones with each line, Henley hanges not only the orders but also the amount of the positive and negative lines within each stanza. For example, the first stanza contains two negatively toned lines that are followed by two positive lines, but the second stanza alternates from negative to positive. By altering the order of the lines, Henley hints at the fact that life can throw good or bad things at you in any order. Different from all other stanza’s, the third stanza contains three negatively toned lines and only one positively toned line. The stanza begins â€Å"Beyond this place of wrath and tears/ Looms but the Horror of the shade/ and yet the menace of the years† creating an extremely dark and malicious feel to the stanza (9-11). However, the maliciousness is shown to be ineffective to this person as the â€Å"menace of the years/ finds and shall find [him/her] unafraid† (11-12). Since stanza three contains three negatively toned lines in a row, it indicates that life can become absolutely overwhelming with darkness and evil, but no matter how hopeless life may seem people always have the choice to fight and â€Å"be unafraid†. The themes of self-reliance and survival present themselves strongly in the last stanza. Essentially, Henleys â€Å"Invictus† can be summed up with one simple statement: humans control their own lives, they have been given the authority to do whatever they desire. The use of the words â€Å"Master† and â€Å"Captain† in lines 15-16 prove this statement because both masters and captains are leaders who are inclined to make their own decisions. These lasts lines ultimately prove that people are in control of in their own hands. Whether a person ends up down the road of triumph or defeat falls complete upon his or herself because â€Å"[they] are the Masters of [their] fate/ [they] are the Captains of [their] soul† (15-16).

Moving beyond fit: the role of brand portfolio characteristics in consumer evaluations of brand reliability

DelVecchio’s article deals with the effects of brand extensions on company sales, especially with regard to the affected brands. Brand extension is hereby taken to mean how companies offer completely new products under the existing brand names. The target market could be the existing customer base or completely new one.Companies extending their brands are especially interested in increasing sales revenue by offering more products. According to DelVecchio (2000) the extensions could be a double edged sword to the implementing companies; it could increase sales to higher levels or could reduce brand loyalty to brands formerly dear to consumers. Marketing executives in companies intending to extend brands therefore have a hard task of investigating the level of brand loyalty before thinking about extensions.Understanding the risks involved with brand extensions should therefore be taken as the first step laying strong foundation for future sales. DelVecchio (2000) has specificall y stated that having many brands associated with the one being extended increases the possibility of success. This in consideration that respective company brands happen to have already proven themselves in the face of competition.Extensions are therefore seen by consumers as just another attempt for respective company to meet market needs and demands. Coca-Cola Company is the best example of a company that effectively uses its wide products to improve brand extensionality; its Coke drink is available in Zero, Vanilla, and Diet extensions (Makwana 2008)—all which succeed in their mission of satisfying specific market segments’ tastes.DelVecchio’s analysis leads to conclusion that brand loyalty is the foundation for successful brand extensions, which explains why companies that exceed consumer expectations succeed in their brand extension initiatives.Coca-Cola is yet another company whose consumer loyalty has boosted its extended brands, as well as remaining as t he world leader in carbonated drinks market. Ralph Lauren is another company that has been able to use its consumer loyalty to extend its Polo brand from clothing to home decor and furnishings. Consumers highly satisfied with the clothing had confidence in the new line of products and immediately embarked on making purchases.Companies whose products have narrow brand loyalty are on the other hand faced with diluted popularity of products being extended. For instance, Chrysler Motor Company faced with diluting popularity of its Jeep Liberty after extending this product into Jeep Patriot. Fact that Liberty had insignificant consumer base meant that extending it to Patriot would hurt it (Liberty) even further (BusinessWeek 2006). Indeed American car manufacturer’s current declining sales problems develop from extending unpopular products.These car assemblers go to an extent of one brand’s chassis for product extension purposes, such as Ford’s use of the popular F15 0 chassis to make more Ford brands. Unfortunately for such businesses, consumers end up understanding what is happening in the extensions and therefore feel cheated.The only solution is to ditch the affected companies’ products altogether and start patronizing competitors’ products. In retaliation to a point made previously in the paper, it is vital for companies to cultivate consumer loyalty in products they could be planning to extend in the future, failure of which result to loss of business even on well established products.ReferencesBusinessWeek, 2006, Jeep’s Misguided Compass, Available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.businessweek.com/autos/content/oct2006/bw20061025_140103.htmDelVecchio, D., 2000, Moving beyond fit: the role of brand portfolio characteristics in    consumer evaluations of brand reliability. Journal of Product and Brand   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management. Vol. 9 No. 7, pp. 457-471.Makwana, B., 2008, Coca-Colaâ⠂¬â„¢s Targeting Niche Market through Brand Extension.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.ibscdc.org/Case_Studies/Marketing/Brands%20and%20Branding/MA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   R0089A.htm

How to Write a Diamante Poem

How to Write a Diamante Poem A diamante poem is a poem made of seven lines of words that are arranged in a special diamond-like form. The word diamante is pronounced DEE - UH - MAHN - TAY; it is an Italian word meaning â€Å"diamond.† This type of poem does not contain rhyming words. There are two basic types of diamante poems: an antonym diamante and a synonym diamante.   Antonym Diamante Poem The first step to writing an antonym diamante poem is to think of two nouns that have opposite meanings. Because a diamante poem is diamond-like in form, it must begin and end with single words that form the top and bottom. In the antonym form, those words will have the opposite meaning. Your job as a writer is to transition from the first noun to the opposite noun in your descriptive words. Synonym Diamante Poem The synonym diamante takes the same form as the antonym diamante, but the first and last words should have the same or similar meaning. Diamante Poems Follow a Specific Formula Line one: NounLine two: Two adjectives that describe the noun in line oneLine three: Three verbs that end with â€Å"ing† and describe the noun in line oneLine four: Four nouns- the first two must relate to the noun in line one and the second two will relate to the noun in line sevenLine five: Three verbs that end with â€Å"ing and describe the noun in line sevenLine six: Two adjectives that describe the noun in line sevenLine seven: Noun that is opposite in meaning to line one (antonym diamante) or the same in meaning (synonym diamante) as the noun in line one The first line of this poem will contain a noun (person, place, or thing) that represents the main topic of your poem. As an example, we will use the noun â€Å"smile.† Two words that describe a smile are happy and warm. Those words will form the second line in this example.   Three verbs that end with â€Å"-ing† and describe a smile are: welcoming, inspiring, and soothing. The center line of the diamante poem is the â€Å"transition† line. It will contain two words (the first two) that relate to the noun in line one and two words (the second two) that relate to the noun that you will write in line seven. Again, the noun in line seven will be the opposite of the noun in line one.   Line five will be similar to line three: it will contain three verbs ending in â€Å"-ing† that describe the noun you will put at the end of your poem. In this example, the final noun is â€Å"frown,† because it is the opposite of â€Å"smile.† The words in our example poem are disturbing, deterring, depressing. Line six is similar to line two, and it will contain two adjectives that describe â€Å"frown.† In this example, our words are sad and unwelcome. Line seven contains the word that represents the opposite of our subject. In this example, the opposite word is â€Å"frown.† For Inspiration: Antonym Pairs   Mountain and valleyQuestion and answerCurve and lineCourage and cowardiceHero and cowardHunger and thirstKing and queenPeace and warSun and moonBlack and whiteFire and waterFriend and foe For Inspiration: Synonym Pairs Heat and warmthNoise and soundSnake and serpentFear and frightEmployer and bossHappiness and joyGloom and despairSorrow and sadnessBlanket and coverletStory and taleLaugh and giggleCoat and jacketClock and timepieceTest and exam

Express

Express Express Express By Maeve Maddox A reader has a question about the use of the transitive verb express: Is there something wrong with a phrase like this: He expressed that he was tired? It seems odd to me, but I cant figure out why or if Im just off base. It seems like you could say, He expressed the idea that he was tired. Yes, the sense is slightly different, but is one right and the other wrong? Is the issue that express is a transitive verb? The literal meaning of the verb express is â€Å"to press or squeeze out.† For example: Water may be expressed from a wet towel by twisting the towel. Breast milk may be expressed manually or with a mechanical device. Amorphous metal tapes are produced by expressing a metallic melt in a supply container through at least one nozzle opening. Express has more than one figurative use. In one sense, express is â€Å"to portray† or â€Å"to represent,† either physically or symbolically. For example, artists express the human figure in drawing and in sculpture; mathematicians express one quantity in terms of another quantity. Express can mean, â€Å"to manifest or reveal by external tokens.† For example, â€Å"Ancient Roman aqueducts still in use express the genius of Roman engineering.† Another meaning of express is â€Å"to put into words†: True wit is nature to advantage dressed, What oft was thought, but neer so well expressed.- Essay in Criticism, Alexander Pope This meaning of express is also used reflexively, as in the titles of songs by Madonna and Ice Cube: â€Å"Express Yourself,† i.e, â€Å"say what you think.† These definitions do not exhaust the uses of express, but they do bring us back to the reader’s question: â€Å"Is there something wrong with a phrase like this: ‘He expressed that he was tired?’ † The answer is â€Å"Yes, there’s something wrong.† It’s not idiomatic. Express is transitive, but that is not the problem. Other transitive verbs, like say and admit, can take a noun clause as their objects: He says that he was there, but I did not see him. (noun clause, direct object of says) I admit that I was wrong. (noun clause, direct object of admit) When express takes a direct object, however, the object cannot be a clause. For that reason, the reader’s first example (He expressed that he was tired) â€Å"sounds wrong,† but the second example (He expressed the idea that he was tired) â€Å"sounds right.† Why? It’s a matter of idiom. I can only say with Professor Brians (Common Errors in English Usage), You can express an idea or a thought, but you can’t ever  express that.    Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Exquisite AdjectivesBetween vs. In BetweenWhen Is a Question Not a Question?

How fashion as a styling tool can be used for self expression Essay

How fashion as a styling tool can be used for self expression - Essay Example He talks of fashion in the American journal of sociology, as a form of imitation in the attempt of attaining social equalization. In contrast, it brings out inequality and changing from differentiating one social stratum to another. It, however, unites people from the same social class while segregating them from those in a different category. Although fashion is only for the wealthy and does not exist in tribal or less fortunate societies. It only affects the superficial image of a person, differentiating them from different groups, but does not cause any harm. On the negative side, it denies one the personal freedom dressing because they have to fit in. In most cases, it features both the female and the middle-class individuals. â€Å"The charm of imitation in the first place is to be found in the fact that it makes possible an expedient test of power† (Simmel, 1957, p. 542). In the agreement, Pierre Bourdieu in the Taste of Luxury, Taste of necessity talks of fashion in terms of the economic value of the commodity. The type of dressing one puts on depends on the economic status of the individual. With fashion in place, the works of art designs different attires with different pricing. In the end, the poor tend to buy cheap clothes that differentiate them from the rich. The source and amount of income define the so-called â€Å"slaves to fashion† as the cash one sets aside for dressing differs (Bourdieu, 2013, p. 72.). Some even emulate what they see von media to determine what they put on as long as they have the money. According to this, mainly the poor but ordinary to the rich consider fashion luxurious. According to Thorstein Vablen dress as an expression of the pecuniary culture, he considers fashion as a form of wasteful consumption. The outlook that one needs makes the person budget for a particular type of clothes. The social perspective of the person is entirely defined by what they are seen

The Marketing Mix (4 P's) on Mercedes When Entering The China Market Essay

The Marketing Mix (4 P's) on Mercedes When Entering The China Market - Essay Example China is a member of the prestigious BRCIS organization which represents the five biggest emerging economies across the world. The purpose of this paper is to describe the marketing mix of the company with an emphasis on its social corporate responsibility efforts. The four Ps of the marketing mix are place, product, price, and promotion. The place the firm is evaluating for further product distribution is China. China is one of the best economic success stories of the past few decades. Its economy has been growing at an approximate rate of 9% during the past 30 years. The current gross domestic product per capita of China is $7,600 (CultureGrams, 2011). The People’s Republic of China is the most populated country in the world with an estimated population of 1.3 billion inhabitants. There is a fast growing middle class in China due to the rising economy of the country, especially in the larger mega industrialized cities such Beijing and Shanghai as well as up and coming cities where major manufacturing centers are located or are being developed. China is the world’s top exporter of goods and the Chinese economy continues to grow exponentially since it has become the hub of manufacturing in the world due to their low wages, lower material costs, an abundance of highly educated professionals, fully developed infrastructure in all the major industrialized cities, favorable governmental foreign investment policies, and lax environmental laws (Mudwig). The country is an excellent location to establish a manufacturing location due to the before mentioned factors, as well as having one of the strongest emerging economies and a fast growing middle class. The heavy industrialization of China led to growing concerns regarding pollution. The Chinese people, like many global citizens are starting to educate themselves more about the importance of safeguarding the environment and how their level of industrial growth has caused China to become one of the most p olluted countries in the world, with 20 of 30 most polluted cities in the world (Worldbank). Mercedes Benz has been importing its luxury vehicles in North-East Asia region since 1986. The Mercedes Benz brand has been building some of its vehicles in China since 2006 through Beijing Benz, a joint venture between Daimler Chrysler and Beiki who is the fifth largest automaker in China. Although Mercedes Benz sales of its luxury vehicles have grown tremendously during the last few years, with sales for 2011 exceeding the sales figures of 2010 within the first 10 months, by September 2011 sales have started to slow down compared with previous year sales (4-traders, 2011).The company is concerned that the level of sales growth that the company has achieved so far is starting to get affected by the global economic downturn. The Chinese economy is starting to feel the effect of decreased global demand for exported goods. The products that Mercedes Benz have been distributing and manufacturin g in China have been mainly its E-Class and C-Class models of its luxury auto line. Currently both the long wheelbase C and E-class luxury automobiles are built in the Beijing Benz plant through a joint venture. Mercedes Benz vehicles are highly regarded in the Chinese market and with one of the fastest growing middle classes in the world the company has enjoyed great sales growth for the last 5 years. Due to a faltering economy the company’

Organisational Transformation Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Organisational Transformation - Dissertation Example A 7S framework furnishes a method for accomplishing essential change and involves managers and companies to manage their hard work around seven major elements which include structure, systems, style, staff, skills, strategy and shared values. It essentially offers a manager with a procedure to ensure that all these essentials are carefully thought of and that they are in their accurate structure (Amelio & Simon, 1995, pp.173-175). If these seven elements are considered and related to the given case study, then it can be understood that the emergence of modern technologies has impacted these elements leading to employee dissatisfaction. Owing to the introduction of new technologies, there have been changes in the system and style of working, change in the structure of procedure that was earlier followed, which in turn affected the skills of the staff, ultimately impacting the overall strategy and the shared values in the organization. A SWOT analysis being a â€Å"comprehensive inter nal analysis instrument to process company internal and external information† brings out a company’s internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external business opportunities and threats (Bohm, 2009, p.1). Conducting a SWOT analysis on the current situation of the Health Clinic, the major strength of the organization is found to be the availability of modern technology. It can also be considered as an opportunity for the organization to utilize this strength for better performance. However, the major weakness for the clinic lies in the inability of the management to introduce such technology, thereby explaining its rationality so that employees are able to accept it creating greater job satisfaction. As from the case study, it can be realized that the major reasons for employee dissatisfaction included underutilization of their work, insufficient communication, uneven distribution of work, and improper treatment. These are different weaknesses on the part of the mana gement which impacted the technologists. PESTEL is another model that provides a useful analytical framework to identify and examine the environmental impacts of political, economic, sociological, technological, ecological, and legal factors on an organization (Campbell & Craig, 2005, pp.501-502). The case study clearly reflects the impacts of the technological factors on the organization as new and modern technologies leading to job changes have created job dissatisfaction among the employees. The report would give a detailed analysis on the introduction of the Organizational Development Program to overcome such problems, the methods applied, and the outcomes thereof, thus trying to recommend certain steps for betterment. Literature Review: Organizational Development (OD) Defined: Organizational Development covers a broad variety of activities. Henceforth, there are a number of definitions of OD that exist. For example, according to Warner Bruke, OD is a â€Å"planned process of c hange in an organization’s culture through the utilization of behavioral science technology, research, and theory†. Wendell French focused on long term interests and use of consultants and defined OD as a â€Å"long range effort to improve an organization’s problem-solving capabilities and its ability to cope with changes in its external environment with the help of external or internal behavioral-scientist consultants, or change agents†

Rising Powers And Global Balance Of Power

Rising Powers And Global Balance Of Power No one can forecast the future with certainty, though immediate future can be predicted with relative correctness based on contemporary realities, tendencies and realities. The cold war has ended. The US no longer faces the constant threat of aggression from its erstwhile adversary, the former USSR. Did someone ever forecast the demise of USSR, US emerging as the sole super power or the attack on the Twin Towers? Aggression grows in unsettled or disorderly times and explodes in power vacuum. The world is dynamic and so is the notion of power. Throughout history we can see the Balance of Power Concept in action. The states of Europe held each other in balance through the first 300 years of the modern state system. The clearest example of the balance of power concept can be found in the Cold War wherein two superpowers, the US and the USSR, held world balance between them. Both states sought to deter domination by the other through arms buildup and the creation of strong systems of all iances. Today power is distributed in a pattern that resembles a complex three dimensional chess game. On the top chess board, military power is largely unipolar, on the middle, economic power is multipolar, the bottom is the realm of transnational relations that cross borders outside the government control which includes non state actors. Since the end of the Cold War, the United States has been the sole super power in the world. No single state acted as effective counterweight to the US. However, some shifts have been witnessed recently due to globalization, market forces and operation of non state actors without regard for national boundaries and loyalties which has made the balancing phenomenon more complicated. Therefore, some recent studies in the field of International relations advocate that power politics including balancing of power has become obsolete and the theory of balance of power has lost its relevance. This phenomenon has raised a series of questions and just a few are:- a. Has the phenomenon of balance of power lost its relevance? b. Will the world be without any state in the global lead role? c. Is the world transforming to multipolarity? d. Are traditional measures and sources of power losing their relevance in the world? e. Are effects of globalization rendering the state borders and notion of sovereignty irrelevant? f. How are non state actors including VNSAs influencing the balance of power? g. Will the geo-economics really replace geo-politics? h. Will the current powers allow the shift in balance of power without violence? Scope Past and contemporary global order. Myths and realities of rising powers and global balance of power. Rising global trends in balance of power. Pakistan 2050, challenges and opportunities. Major conclusions and Recommendations for Pakistan HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF BALANCE OF POWER 4. Prehistoric and Medieval Periods. During the Period of the Warring States in China (403-221 BC), the development of large, cohesive states accompanied the creation of irrigation systems, bureaucracies, and large armies equipped with iron weapons. These Chinese states pursued power through a constantly shifting network of alliances. In ancient Greece during the Peloponnesian Wars (431-404 BC), the rising power of Athens triggered the formation of a coalition of city-states that felt threatened by Athenian power. 5. Pre World Wars Period a. In the 17th century the Habsburg dynasty, which ruled Austria and Spain, threatened to dominate Europe. During the Thirty Years War (1618-1648), a coalition that included Sweden, England, France, and The Netherlands defeated the rulers of the Habsburg Empire. b. Early in the 19th century, Napoleon repeatedly made efforts to conquer large areas of Europe. A broad coalition of European states-including Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia-defeated France in a series of major battles that climaxed with Napoleons defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. c. The classical European balance of power system emerged thereafter in an alliance known as the Concert of Europe, organized in 1815 by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich. This loose alliance between Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia, and France ensured that a handful of great powers would coexist, with none able to dominate the others. Under this system, and with Britain playing a balancer role, peace largely prevailed in Europe during the 19th century. It is not an accident that the doctrine of the balance of power-alike in international and in domestic politics-received its classic and most rigorous statements at a time when foreign policy was largely a matter for rulers who could use the war potential of their states for their own aggrandizement. It was because a ruler had to be able to wage effective war that he had to be allowed the armed force that contributed to his domestic control. d. British reliance on a navy rather than on a standing army was important to the growth of British liberties-and later to American liberty. In a sense, therefore, the international balance of power was needed to check the pretensions of rulers who lacked any effective domestic check. The balance of power, however, although it may act to restrain the actions of those who believe in the doctrine, is in the first instance a device to restrain others. 6. Inter and Intra World Wars Period (1914-1945) a. When World War I broke out, although all parties made some effort to maintain or protect the balance of power (which, of course, they interpreted differently), none of them could argue that governments, or princes, were behaving in the way that one would expect. German apologists had to contend that Germany was surrounded by malevolent foes and that the survival of Germany was at stake. The allies had to contend not merely that Germany was too powerful for comfort, but that German militarism threatened a European civilization that would otherwise be peaceful. The argument, in short, could not be cast in terms of the balance of power. b. In order to contain German and its allies, a formidable alliance was formed in Europe. German threat was such that USA broke away with the centuries long stand of neutrality and joined the alliance against Germany. Status quo however, was maintained in Europe. Historians will long continue to debate the causes that finally brought the United States into the war. c. Same was the case in World War II, where, a status quo was required to be maintained and German advances were to be stopped, alliance on the lines of World War I was formed. The alliance completely decapacitated German led axis powers. In both the World Wars, the entry of the United States so quickly and completely tilted the balance of power in favor of the side it joined. Had the United States been regarded as an element in the balance; the wars in the form they took would never have broken out and it is here that the world saw the introduction of WMD. 7. Cold War Period a. It was well recognized that the United States and the Soviet Union were in direct and unique competition. The appalling consequences of nuclear war introduced a new kind of stability. The so-called balance of terror or balance of deterrence ensured that each nuclear power was anxious not to give the other power any sort of signal that would justify an attack, and was also anxious not to identify such a signal. This caution was compatible with, and even required, an arms race. b. The ideological struggle reflected the knowledge of both great powers that they contended in a fast-changing world; and the Cold War began to lose intensity, not when the protagonists decided to abandon it but when world circumstances changed and new elements began to contribute to the balance. c. It became almost conventional to speak in terms of a world of four poles-the United States, the Soviet Union, Europe and Japan. d. US led West used all means and opportunities to balance Soviet military power and kept on trying to contain Soviet Union. On the other hand Soviet Union formed an alliance with the opposite block countries to counter the US. Struggle of countering each power continued till the Soviet Union finally collapsed. With the subsequent disintegration of the Soviet Union, the United States became incontrovertibly the worlds dominant power. 8. Post Cold War a. After the disintegration of Soviet Union, USA emerged as sole global power hence as per the ground realities, the entire world had to align its policies with the US. Without an apparent foe to challenge its security, the major question confronting U.S. foreign policy was what would succeed the Cold Wars bipolar balance of power. b. The issue among academics and political commentators was whether the United States should emphasize its dominant position as a unipolar global power, or seek a leading role in a tripolar or multipolar system. 9. Conclusions from Historical Perspective. In nut shell post cold war power balance is categorized by US unilateralism, Wests political, economic and social control to the extent that the situations symbolize with that of eighteenth and nineteenth centurys colonization. Striking conclusions of the post cold war power balance are as under:- a. The end of the Cold War in US and Europe and the ongoing integration of the European economies alongside attempts at greater political integration in the continent have given rise to a view that traditional concepts of security are no longer relevant. There is a powerful perception that the idea of the state and its sovereignty has been made irrelevant by processes that are taking place at both the global and local level. Concept of security has been widened to the extent that currently it includes everything under the sun. b. Concept of Balance of Power has also been changed from the known enemy threat to fear of unlimited unknowns. Interpretations of the balance has also been changed from balance among nation states to balance among civilizations and much beyond. c. Post cold war era reintroduces the phenomena of colonization with changed face of chaining the third world through economic, trade and technology transfer policies under the umbrella of IMF, world bank, various technological regimes and UN. MYTHS AND REALITIES OF RISING POWERS AND GLOBAL BALANCE OF POWER 10. Preamble: Balance of Power strategies amongst nations and regional and security alliances have been a recurrent and normal feature of global history. Power shifts when they take place generate corresponding responses in strategic jockeying by established powers to recreate new balance of power to ensure the continuance of the old established order. The present world order-characterized by an unprecedented number of democratic nations; a greater global prosperity, even with the current crisis, than the world has ever known; and a long peace among great powers-reflects American preferences, and was built and preserved by American power in all its political, economic, and military dimensions. The perception of US decline today is certainly understandable, given the dismal economic situation since 2008 and the nations large fiscal deficits, which, combined with the continuing growth of the Chinese, Indian, Brazilian, Turkish, and other economies, seem to portend a significant and irreversible shift in global economic power. Some of the pessimism is also due to the belief that the United States has lost favor, and therefore influence, in much of the world, because of its various responses to the attacks of September 11. The detainment facilities at Guantà ¡namo, the use of torture against suspected terrorists, and the widely condemned invasion of Iraq in 2003 have all tarnished the American brand and put a dent in Americas soft power-its ability to attract others to its point of view. With this broad perception of decline as the backdrop, every failure of the United States to get its way in the world tends to reinforce the impression. Powerful as this sense of decline may be, however, it deserves a more rigorous examination. Measuring changes in a nations relative power is a tricky business, but there are some basic indicators: the size and the influence of its economy relative to that of other powers; the magnitude of military power compared with that of potential adversaries; the degree of political influence it wields in the international system-all of which make up what the Chinese call comprehensive national power. Moreover, a great powers decline is the product of fundamental changes in the international distribution of various forms of power that usually occur over longer stretches of time. Great powers rarely decline suddenly. A war may bring them down, but even that is usually a symptom, and a culmination, of a longer process. After the brief overture we will now try to reconstruct the developments that are providing basis for the ongoing debates on the subject and also formulate basic definitions for the terms and phrases being used in this study. 11. Definitions Rising Power. Rising power is a national power having certain ingredients to threaten the status quo of global settings. Pedelford and Lincoln have described it as: Strength composed of economic, psychological, moral, military and political elements, successfully directed to the furtherance of national interests, co nstitute rising national power. In our opinion, this is by far the best definition of rising power in that it takes into consideration both classical and modern views regarding the sources of power and also touches on the objectives for which it is used. Rising power operates in international field in this sense. However, it should be noted that the concept of rising power is Relative, Conditional and Situational. Relativity of Rising Power. It is relative in that it has no absolute dimension. Power is rated by the effect it can bring about. State A may be powerful vis-à  -vis B but can at the same time be weaker than C. For instance, India is stronger than Brazil but at the same time weaker than China in terms of economic might. Conditional. Rising power is conditional in that it depends on variety of factors, the exact role of which is difficult to assess. States A and B may have equal resources, military strength etc yet they may differ in effective power. A strong sentiment of Nationalism, for instance, in State A may inspire popular support to government action and policies and may prepare the people for greater sacrifices. This is bound to add to As power. If any such sentiment is totally absent in State B and the nation is torn by intense internal dissentions, this may make it weaker vis-à  -vis A despite its equal or even superior resources and military preparedness. India and Brazil are cases in point. Situational. Rising power is situational in the sense that it depends on specific international situation. Despite unchanged condition of resources and military might of both, the power equation between States A and B may change because of changed international situation. B may at once become powerful vis-à  -vis A because of some favourable turn in the international situation. Development of friendly relations between America and India and the formation of an unwritten alliance between US, India and Israel has affected China and Pakistan equation with her neighbours. 12. Shift in Global Balance of Power A Myth or Reality The global shift of power to Asia and the global strategic dominance of the United States has been the subject of discussion since many years. Main theme of the debates and discussion is that whether United States power is in absolute decline or relative decline. Either way, with the global shift of power to Asia what would inevitably follow is that the global balance of power would also be acquiring newer contours. The shape of the global order is largely a function of the prevailing balance of power. As discussed earlier, since 1945, this global order has been dominated by the United States, a question arises that will the relative U.S. decline and the rise of the rest lead to the decaying of this established order? The international system is both complex and contradictory at the same time. The world being dynamic, predictions and forecasts tend to be subjective than objective. Nobody predicted at least not out loud- the fall of the Berlin Wall, Japans loss of influence, the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, the upsurge in Islamic fundamentalism, Arab Spring and the meteoric rise of the oil prices. Without wishing to predict the future, and instead taking the current situation as a starting point, the international system is characterized by three general tendencies. a. A new international order which is both uni and multi-polar at the same time. b. The rise of Asia (China) which will come to dominate the 21st century in the economic dimensions of world order. c. The (re)enforcing of the religion. 13. New Uni and Multi-Polar International Order a. Moving Towards Geo-Economics. During the Cold War, international system was differentiated by the ideological confrontation between two superpowers. In the early stage of the post Cold War, the tripartite world dominated by Europe, the USA and Japan characterized the environment. The current constellation of global forces and alliances is much less clear than it was in the two previous stages. In this third stage, a world order which is multi-polar and uni-polar at the same time is taking shape. It amounts to an a la carte menu which makes room for both old and new powers as well as old and new alliances. The world is uni-polar in the military and political spheres on account of the clear domination of USA, and multi-polar in all other facets of international relations. The upcoming world economies of the BRICS-countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South-Africa) up to now seem to follow an approach of pursuing geo-economics while avoiding to reopen the existing conflicts, at least for the time being. China is following a comprehensive approach towards national power. India is also pursuing geo economics while simultaneously modernizing its military might for a more dominant and perceived global role. Other countries and alliances/blocks also follow to varying extent different models to modernize their economies. Sanjaya Baru puts it: Indias economic opening up in 1991 created the basis for Indias re-integration with not just the global economy but also its own wider Asian neighborhood. That was the geopolitical and strategic consequence of Indias improved economic performance and greater openness since 1991. Indias Look East and Look West policies were logical consequences of her re-integration into the global economy. The geo-economic and geopolitical consequences of the reforms of 1991 were not an accident. They were well understood at the time based on an analysis of what had happened to the closed Soviet and Soviet-style economies in the 1970s and especially 1980s, and the open economies of east Asia, including Dengist China.  [1]   b. Contemporary Political Order-Future Trajectories. No phenomenon dominates the current global political landscape more than the USA being the sole Super Power. The US is currently the only country that has the military might that influences global affairs and deploys military power across the globe. However, there are other power centers such as China, EU and Russia. NATO also figures out at this power calculus. Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Republic in 1990, the erstwhile Cold War ensured a balance of power which greatly stabilized the global political landscape. In contrast however, the current uni-polarism has presented attendant consequences for the world. This has been seen in unprecedented anti US sentiment around the globe. Conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan and the US- Iran debacle therefore reflect a current global political system which is becoming increasingly unstable partly due to US unilateralism. 14. The New Hierarchy of International States Although there are many other players in the globalised world multinational companies, the churches, and social movements amongst them nation states continue to determine the pecking order of international power. The European Union (EU) is no exception to this. Its principle springboard into the international arena is economic, both diplomatic and military spheres remaining the prerogative of member states. Its failure to present itself to the world as a body which acts and speaks with one voice, means that the European model of using integration as an instrument for international influence has not succeeded in establishing itself as an alternative to the nation state. When considering the international state hierarchy, various terms continue to co-exist which have not been clearly defined: (1) superpower (USA), (2) global power or great global power (China, India, Russia), (3) emerging powers (Brazil, Russia, India, China, BRIC), (4) medium sized powers (Brazil, Canada, South Africa and others), (5) regional power (several), (6) smaller powers (Luxemburg or Haiti, for example). a. Superpower and Global/ great power. When considering the international state hierarchy, various terms continue to co-exist which have not been clearly defined. To belong to the category of Super Power like USA or global/ great power like China, India and Russia. Besides quantifiable statistics, two components which are more difficult to evaluate are prerequisites: first of all, an efficient diplomacy and foreign policy capable of projecting power and, secondly, the perception and/or recognition of that status of power by third party countries. In line with these criteria, the following quantifiable data allow us to single out a number of influential countries by size, economic weight, growth, military capacity or their contribution to the international system. Apart from these criteria, there are other factors which allow us to reassess certain countries in the international hierarchy: above all, the demand for energy, which justifies the international importance of Iran, Iraq and even Russia in the international system. To a large extent, oil also explains Middle Eastern countries strategic position in international politics. After all, a third of all black gold is produced in Arab states. Another criteria is a countrys technological level, something which explains, amongst other things, Chinas economic success (electronics industry) and also Indias (software). Another more recent element is the use of religion as a political instrument, justifying the international relevance which countries like Israel, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan have acquired in recent years. b. Emerging Powers, Medium Size/Regional and Smaller Powers. In terms of quantifiable data, China tops the list along with India and Brazil, in the hierarchy of international power. Other countries (like Mexico, Iran, Pakistan, Indonesia or South Africa) are on the waiting list or in the second row. Amongst these, it is worth distinguishing between soft powers and hard powers, depending on the resources, military, economic, diplomatic or cultural. In line with this, apart from the so-called BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) whose basis is economic, other emerging powers with global influence can be identified: in terms of hard, or military power, Pakistan (nuclear power) and Iran (potential nuclear power), in terms of economic weight, Mexico and South Africa and, for reasons of population, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nigeria also feature. 15. Emerging Blocks. It is commonly perceived that some emerging blocks and regional alliances like SCO, ASEAN and BRICS respectively will gradually transform the existing power balance in the future. a. Shanghai Cooperation Organization SCO. SCO was originally founded to counter terrorism and separatism on its member states territory. The security interests of the organization are now increasingly complemented by economic and trade issues. The bloc is expected to counter US influence in areas including Chinese neighborhood and Russias near abroad. b. Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). An acronym for the economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa combined. The general consensus is that the term was first prominently used in a Goldman Sachs report from 2003, which speculated that by 2050 these five economies would be wealthier than most of the current major economic powers. The BRICS thesis posits that China and India will become the worlds dominant suppliers of manufactured goods and services, respectively, while Brazil and Russia will become similarly dominant as suppliers of raw materials. It is important to note that the Goldman Sachs thesis isnt that these countries are a political alliance (like the European Union) or a formal trading association but they have the potential to form a powerful economic bloc. BRICS is now also used as a more generic marketing term to refer to these four emerging economies. 16. Regionalism. The study of regions, regionalism, regionalization, regional governance, regional integration, regional cooperation and other proximate terms have burgeoned since the 1990s, along with the real world emergence of the so called new regionalism in that period. Major regional forums include the European Union (EU), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Organization of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to count few of them. Regionalism appears to be growing rapidly. Regionalism in fact is a byproduct of globalization, yet, it offers a collective response to the coercive dimensions of globalization. Therefore, the political unanimity of thought against countries of a particular regional organization such as ASEAN, would not be easy to muster when seen in the backdrop of such coercion if applied against a country which is not part of any such regional dispensation. The core regions are politically stable and economic ally dynamic. They organize for the sake of being better able to control the rest of the world, the world outside their own region. The intermediate regions are closely linked to the core regions. They will be incorporated as soon as they conform to the criterion of core-ness, that is, economic development and political stability. The peripheral regions, in contrast, are politically turbulent and economically stagnant. Consequently they must organize in order to arrest a process of marginalization. Their regional arrangements are at the same time fragile and ineffective. Their overall situation makes security regionalism and developmental regionalism more important than the creation of free trade regimes. They are necessarily more introverted. The core regions are those regions which are politically capable, no matter whether such capability is expressed in the form of a political organization or not. So far only one of the three core regions, namely Europe, aspires to build such an organization. The other two, that is North America and East Asia, are both economically strong, but so far they lack a regional political order. Structurally close to core are the intermediate regions, all in preparation for being incorporated in the core, the speed depending on their good, core-like, behaviour. They are:- a. Central Europe, obediently waiting first in line for membership in the European Union. b. Latin America and the Caribbean, in the process of becoming North Americanized. c. China, South-East Asia and the European Pacific, or Oceania (Australia, New Zealand), all now being drawn by Chinese and Japanese capital into the East Asia economic space. 17. Remaining in the periphery are thus the following five regions:- a. The post-Soviet area, the major parts of it now in the process of being reintegrated in the form of Commonwealth of Independent States (perhaps laying the ground for a future core region). b. The Balkans, where the countries have lost whatever little tradition of cooperation they once might have been involved in. c. The Middle East, a region defined from outside and with a most unsettled regional structure. d. South Asia, with a very low level of regionness, because of the cold war (sometimes getting hot) between the two major powers, India and Pakistan. e. Finally, Africa, where in many countries the political structures called states are falling apart. 19. Major indicators. By 2025, According to an International Futures model measuring GDP, defense spending, population, and technology for individual states, the relative political and economic clout of many countries will shift. The United States however, will find itself in the position of being one of a number of important actors on the world stage, albeit still the most powerful one. The relationship between achievements in science and technology and economic growth will be one of the leading factors of the US power. As per National Innovation System (NIS) contracted global survey of scientific experts, the United States currently boasts a stronger innovation system than the developing economies. Main indicators and determents of the major powers in 2025 Country Population GDP Economy Military Spending USA China 6.8 India 6.2 Russia Graphically the data could be depicted as International Organizations, 2020-2025 (%/year) 21. Analysis. Five very different countries: China, India, Brazil, Russia and South Africa are emerging. The shape of the global order is largely a function of the prevailing global power balance. Nevertheless, there are three conditions that could lead to the end of this liberal international order. a. Though it is possible that another hegemon would rise at some point, this is unlikely to happen at least in the next two decades. We have had two dramatic transitions in the global system in the last century, but both happened as a consequence of the collapse of major powers. The end of the Second World War saw the demise of not just Germany and Japan but many European great powers, leaving a bipolar order dominated by the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 converted that bipolar system into a unipolar one. While there are plenty of predictions of other great powers rising, there are none that suggest the U.S. will collapse. And short of that, what we are likely to witness are gradual rather than dramatic changes in the balance of power, and these will take a lot longer than two decades. Hence, the possibility of a new global order framed by another global hegemon is not very likely in the immediate future. b. The second possibility, more probable than the first, is the rise of several new powers such as China, Russia, Brazil, India, South Korea who are growing strong enough to share the stage with proportional strength with the U.S., even if they do not necessarily match the U.S. Such a multipolar order could gradually erode the current international liberal order. But this will not be because these powers do not share the norms of the curre